What is Criminology ?

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 Synopsis 

Meaning and Definition of Criminology 

Nature of Criminology 

Scope Of Criminology 


Concept & Meaning 

Crimonology includes scientific study of crime, criminal, criminals behaviour and the criminal justice system.It is an interdisciplinary fields that draw on sociology, psychology, law, economics anthropology and other disciplines to understand. These disciplines are also supportive explainer of criminology.

Criminology is the discipline which defines crime like how it constitutes?, how it should define legally and socially?, how and why it occurs? What is cause & gravity of crime?etc.Criminology also include preventive measures of crime.


Its Etymological Glance;

From Latin word crimen/ criminis - Crime term developed.

And from Greek word Logos, Logy term developed which means is scientific study.

So,Scientific study of crime is criminology.


Definition 

According to Edwin Hardin Sutherland;"Criminology is the body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomena it includes within its scope the process of making laws, of breaking law and reacting to the breaking of laws."

 According to S.S. Srivastava;" Criminology may be described as a Study of the Crime, its causes,problem and solution. It identities the real problem to formulate the solution of the problem."

According to Marvin wolfgang;"Criminology means the use of scientific method in the study and analysis of regularities, uniformities, patterns and casual relationship concerned with crime criminals or criminal behaviour."

For Details Explanation kindly Watch it.

Nature of Criminology 

1) Interdisciplinary: Law, sociology,anthropology psychiatry, psychology, criminal justice etc.

2) Social Science : Scientific study of behavior of society, social activities custom beliefs.

3)Empirical 

4) Theoretical and practical 

5) Preventive and Solution maker 

6) It is complementary of penology and victimology. 


Scope of Criminology 

1) Study of crime and criminal behaviour 

- Nature and case of crime, types of crime patterns and trends

2)Theory of Crime Causation 

a) Classical Theory 

b) Positivist Theory 

c) Social Structure theory

 d) Critical Criminology 

3) Criminal Justice System 

   a) Law enforcement

   b) Courts and Legal Process 

   c) Policy Development

4) Victimology 

a) Victim offender relation 

b) Focus on the Victim of crime 

5) Crime Prevention and Control 

6) Societal and Cultural context 

7) Clinical Research and methodology 

8) Specialized Area: Juvenile Delinquency,  Cyber Criminology, Environmental, Forensic.

9) Global and Comparative Criminology 

10) Ethical and Legal issues

11) Interdisciplinary connection 

       a) Law economics political psychology etc. 
       b) Policy and reform
       c) Community impact
       d) Education and training. 

12) According to Edwin Hardin Sutherland 

   a)Sociology of law 

   b) Criminal Etiology 

   c) Penology

13) According Elliott and Merrill 

a) The nature of crime

b) Investigation into the cause of crime 

c) Individualized study of criminal

d) prevention of time and reform criminal.

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